Research on the path of digital economy to solve the fairness and efficiency problems of Chinese modernization

First of all, the research purpose of this paper is to solve the problem of the lack of Chinese-style modernization theory in the process of the coordinated development of efficiency and equity in the development of China's digital economy. Secondly, this paper mainly uses analogical reasoning and literature research. In the first step, by summarizing and comparing the economic theories used by Chinese researchers in the past to solve the problems of China's economic development, the problem of the lack of Chinese-style modernization theory is found. In the second step, this paper deduces the theoretical hypothesis of "synergistic cycle perpetuity theory" by collating and modifying Muir dahl's cyclic accumulation theory and David Harvey's three-level capital cycle theory. Finally, through the research of this paper, it is found that the theory of "collaborative cycle sustainability theory" hypothesis can adapt to the characteristics of the digital economy, and then effectively promote the coordinated development of efficiency and equity, which is helpful to solve the problem of equity imbalance that has emerged in the early industrial economy era of China

High-Performance Packaging Technology for Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Modules

The properties of wide band gap (WBG) semiconductors are beneficial to power electronics applications ranging from consumer electronics and renewable energy to electric vehicles and high-power traction applications like high-speed trains. WBG devices, properly integrated, will allow power electronics systems to be smaller, lighter, operate at higher temperatures, and at higher frequencies than previous generations of Si-based systems. These will contribute to higher efficiency, and therefore, lower lifecycle costs and lower CO2 emissions. Over 20 years have been spent developing WBG materials, low-defect-density wafers, epitaxy, and device fabrication and processing technology. In power electronics applications, devices are normally packaged into large integrated modules with electrical, mechanical and thermal connection to the system and control circuit. The first generations of WBG device have used conventional or existing module designs to allow drop-in replacement of Si devices; this approach limits the potential benefit. To realize the full potential of WBG devices, especially the higher operating temperatures and faster switching frequency, a new generation of packaging design and technology concepts must be widely implemented

Investigation of a klystron with a pseudospark-sourced electron beam

Investigation has been undertaken at the University of Strathclyde to simulate, design and construct a klystron amplifier with an operating frequency of 94 GHz. A novel beam source shall be utilized in the form of a pseudospark discharge, a form of low-pressure, high-current plasma discharge which produces an electron beam possessing high brightness as well as self-focusing properties. The seed signal for the klystron will be fed in using a tapered dielectric-lined iris coupling system

Visualization of a pseudospark-sourced electron beam

A pseudospark (PS)-sourced electron beam of 3-mm diameter has been experimentally investigated. Emission of X-rays was detected during a PS discharge and clear X-ray images were formed using the PS-sourced electron beam impacting on a 0.1-mm-thick molybdenum target at an applied voltage of 46 kV. Using a phosphor-coated scintillator, the beam's cross-sectional profile and surrounding ion channel were also observed. These results confirm the presence of an electron beam

Toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles to Escherichia coli: effects of particle size, crystal phase and water chemistry.

Controversial and inconsistent results on the eco-toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) are commonly found in recorded studies and more experimental works are therefore warranted to elucidate the nanotoxicity and its underlying precise mechanisms. Toxicities of five types of TiO2 NPs with different particle sizes (10∼50 nm) and crystal phases were investigated using Escherichia coli as a test organism. The effect of water chemistry on the nanotoxicity was also examined. The antibacterial effects of TiO2 NPs as revealed by dose-effect experiments decreased with increasing particle size and rutile content of the TiO2 NPs. More bacteria could survive at higher solution pH (5.0-10.0) and ionic strength (50-200 mg L(-1) NaCl) as affected by the anatase TiO2 NPs. The TiO2 NPs with anatase crystal structure and smaller particle size produced higher content of intracellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, in line with their greater antibacterial effect. Transmission electron microscopic observations showed the concentration buildup of the anatase TiO2 NPs especially those with smaller particle sizes on the cell surfaces, leading to membrane damage and internalization. These research results will shed new light on the understanding of ecological effects of TiO2 NPs

Optimization Milling Force and Surface Roughness of Ti-6Al-4V Based on Ultrasonic-Assisted Milling (UAM): An Experimental Study

This study aimed to develop a longitudinal ultrasonic-assisted milling system to investigate the machinability of titanium (Ti) Alloy Ti-6Al-4V (TC4). Aiming at reduced milling force and enhanced surface quality, ultrasonic-assisted milling was investigated taking into account the following processing parameters: spindle speed (cutting rate) n, feed per tooth fz, milling depth ap, and ultrasonic amplitude A. A comparison was made with conventional milling. The results of univariate tests demonstrated that the ultrasonic amplitude had the most significant impact on the milling force along the z-axis, resulting in a reduction of 15.48% compared with conventional milling. The range analysis results of multivariate tests demonstrated that ap and fz were the dominant factors influencing the cutting force. The minimum reduction in the milling force in ultrasonic-assisted milling along the x-, y-, and z-axes was 11.77%, 15.52%, and 17.66%, respectively, compared with that in conventional milling. The ultrasonic-assisted milling led to reduced surface roughness and enhanced surface quality; the maximum surface roughness in ultrasonic-assisted milling was 25.93%, 36.36% and 26.32% in terms of n, fz, and ap, respectively. In longitudinal ultrasonic-assisted milling, the periodic “separation-contact” was accompanied by microimpacts, resulting in even smaller intermittent periodic cutting forces. Hence, regular fish scale machining mesh was observed on the processed surface, and the workpiece surface exhibited high cleanness and smoothness. The reasonable configuration of ultrasonic-assisted milling parameters can effectively improve the milling force and surface quality of Ti alloys and accumulate reference data for the subsequent machining process research